Orolia Defense & Security was selected by the U.S. Air Force Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility to deliver a BroadSim Wavefront for CRPA testing of networked, collaborative, and autonomous weapon systems being developed under the Golden Horde program. U.S. Air Force Procures Orolia’s CRPA Testing Solution ROCHESTER, NY, February 15, 2022 DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited Orolia Defense & Security , the No. 1 provider of software-defined simulation solutions for navigation warfare, was selected by the U.S. Air Force Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility to deliver a BroadSim Wavefront. BroadSim Wavefront is a pillar of innovation among Orolia’s Skydel-powered advanced GNSS simulators. The GWEF provides laboratory testing and simulation tools for developing precision-guided weapon technology, including a comprehensive scope of GPS/INS systems and integrated components like sensors, signals of opportunity and Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas. CRPAs are fundamental in many platforms due to their enhanced protection against electronic attacks in NAVWAR environments. The Broadsim Wavefront simulator will be integrated into a test environment for networked, collaborative and autonomous weapon systems being developed under the Golden Horde program. Golden Horde is one of four Air Force Vanguard programs designed to rapidly advance emerging weapons systems and warfighting concepts through prototype and experimentation. Of the several capabilities the GWEF required, features such as low-latency hardware-in-the-loop, automated calibration, and the flexibility to quickly integrate future signals and sensors were the most critical and serve as a key reason Orolia’s BroadSim Wavefront was selected. This system will also be capable of testing eight-element CRPA systems, eight simultaneous Fixed Radiation Pattern Antenna systems, or a combination of CRPA and FRPA systems. “When designing BroadSim Wavefront, we re-imagined every aspect for the user,” said Tyler Hohman, director of products for Orolia Defense & Security. “Though the GWEF unit contains eight nodes (corresponding to each antenna element), it can be scaled from four to 16 antenna elements. One of the greatest advancements is our continuous phase monitoring and compensation technique. It automatically monitors, aligns and adjusts the phase of each RF output continuously throughout the duration of a scenario.” Watch the Skydel Wavefront calibration tutorial on Orolia Defense & Security’s YouTube channel. “Gone are the days of re-calibrating each frequency on your system, limiting your scenario duration or re-calibration every time you power cycle your system,” added Hohman. “Simply turn the system on, start the scenario, and your Wavefront system phase aligns and remains aligned for the entirety of the test.” Leveraging the Skydel Simulation Engine , BroadSim Wavefront also supports high-dynamics, MNSA M-Code, alternative RF navigation, open-source IMU plug-in and 1000Hz iteration update rate. “Because of the software-defined architecture, many upgrades don’t require additional hardware, which has been a crucial advantage for customers who are already using this solution,” Hohman said. The next generation of CRPA testing is led by BroadSim Wavefront. For more information, visit www.oroliads.com/broadsim-wavefront . Ask about Orolia's wavefront superiority by contacting sales@OroliaDS.com . About Orolia Defense & Security Orolia Defense & Security provides resilient PNT solutions and custom engineering services to U.S. government agencies, defense organizations and their contractors. Orolia Defense & Security is authorized to work on the full spectrum of U.S. government classified and unclassified projects, in addition to supporting strategic partnerships for key defense PNT technologies. www.OroliaDS.com Orolia Defense & Security operates as a proxy-regulated company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Orolia. Contact: Rachael Smith 614-736-3736 rachael.smith@oroliaDS.com VIEW PDF

Learn more about Safran Federal Systems as a company. Home • Company • About About Safran Federal Systems, formerly Orolia Defense & Security, is proxy-regulated U.S. company, Free of Foreign Ownership, Control, or Influence (FOCI). As such, Safran Federal Systems is approved to work on the full spectrum of U.S. Government classified and unclassified projects and is positioned to support strategic partnerships in the development of key PNT technologies for the defense market. PROXY INFORMATION Safran is an international high-technology group, operating in the aviation (propulsion, equipment and interiors), defense and space markets. Its core purpose is to contribute to a safer, more sustainable world, where air transport is more environmentally friendly, comfortable and accessible. Safran has a global presence, with 83 000 employees, and holds, alone or in partnership, world or regional leadership positions in its core markets. Safran undertakes research and development programs to maintain the environmental priorities of its R&T and innovation roadmap. History In 2022, Safran acquired Orolia, now Safran Trusted 4D, the world leader in Resilient PNT. At the intersection of critical infrastructure and national defense, Safran Trusted 4D solutions govern and protect the integrity of systems that shape the world. In early 2019, Orolia Defense & Security spun off as a separate entity from its parent company Orolia, with the mission of providing resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) solutions and custom engineering services to U.S. Government agencies, U.S. Defense organizations, and their contractors. In August of 2019, Orolia Defense & Security acquired Talen-X, a U.S. company specializing in advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Simulation solutions and Interference, Detection, and Mitigation (IDM) technologies. Talen-X traces its roots to 2016 after 10 founding employees with career-long expertise in PNT and GNSS recognized significant gaps in the marketplace. Tired of tools and equipment that fell short of their needs, they began to create their own solutions. What started as a way to overcome limitations, was the catalyst for products that help engineers work faster and better.

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BlackNaute™ is the most resilient position, navigation, and timing solution for high-end military airborne carriers Home • Products • Inertial Navigation Systems • BlackNaute ™ BlackNaute™ GPS-denied navigation - Open systems ready BlackNaute ™ PRODUCT | INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS SWaP 7L / 15lb Environmental MIL-STD-810 Alignment Time 4 minutes MTBF > 33,000 FH ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About Perfectly suited for military helicopters, aircraft, fighter jets, and UAVs, the BlackNaute™ Embedded GNSS and Time INS (EGTI) sets the new standard for resilient navigation performance. Designed for existing in-service EGI upgrade and compatibility with open architecture requirements. The most resilient position, navigation, and timing solution for high-end military airborne carriers BlackNaute™ is the only Embedded GNSS and Time INS (EGTI) system able to provide resilient and precise navigation within GNSS-challenged environments (jamming, spoofing, meaconing...) along with civil airspace interoperability. The BlackNaute™ EGTI supports open architectures with customer-programmable software to integrate specific sensors. The BlackNaute™ EGTI follows guidelines set by the DO-297/ARINC653 regarding Integrated Modular Avionics. KEY FEATURES 10x better GPS Denied Inertial Performance Built-In Atomic Clock M-Code GPS receiver TSO C-145e / C-201 / C-220 RUGGED & COMPACT ~7L / 15lb SWaP MIL-STD-810 & 461 MTBF > 50,000+ hours MISSION ALIGNED 1553 & ARINC 429 Open Systems ready Anti-Jam & Anti-Spoof Click to download the BlackNaute ™ data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET

More space missions are taking place in Lower Earth Orbit (LEO). Newer, more advanced receivers are needed to have sufficient PNT capabilities. Doppler shifts experienced on these missions will be high, however, robust testing to ensure mission success is achievable... Home • PNT Library • Doppler Effects on Spaceborne PNT Applications Doppler Effects on Spaceborne PNT Applications DOWNLOAD PDF By Joshua Prentice Since the very first space missions positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) have been crucial for spaceborne applications. Traditionally, space vehicle PNT has been achieved through various combinations of ground stations, optical navigation, onboard high-precision clocks, inertial measurement units, and other methods. Only recently, however, has existing global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) been added to that list. GNSS constellations were designed to provide PNT for Earth-borne applications taking place on the ground, sea, or in the atmosphere. As such, those GNSS waveforms are primarily aimed toward the Earth, but there is a small amount of spill-over of the main lobe beyond the silhouette of Earth and into space. Additionally, the side lobes of most GNSS waveforms are also broadcast into space beyond Earth. Because these signals are visible from orbit, they can conceivably be used for the PNT of space vehicles. In terms of spaceborne navigation from GNSS constellations, there are generally two main orbital regions of concern. Altitudes between Earth and the GNSS altitude, known as being under the “canopy”, and altitudes above the GNSS canopy as shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1: Below and Above the GNSS Canopy When orbiting the Earth underneath the GNSS canopy the receiver antenna must point “skyward” towards the GNSS constellations. This scenario is more closely related to traditional GNSS navigation, although satellites will rise and set more frequently. The full spectrum of these signals is available with the advantage of stronger signal strength compared to surface and low-atmospheric operations. In scenarios where the receiver vehicle is orbiting above the GNSS canopy, navigating based on GNSS constellations becomes much more difficult as the only available portions of the waveform are the main lobe spill-over and the side lobes. For simplification and to limit the scope of this tech brief, the primary area of concern will be space vehicles in geocentric orbits beneath the GNSS canopy. When navigating from GNSS signals Doppler shift is always present no matter how close to the GNSS canopy the receiver is. However, when the navigating receiver is traveling at velocities necessary to maintain a stable orbit, the Doppler shift is much greater. Figure 2: Doppler shift diagram The Doppler shift change in frequency can be expressed as (Parker, 2017): In equation (1) 𝑓₀ is the source carrier frequency, Δ𝑣 is the relative velocity of the space vehicles, and 𝑐₀ is the speed of light. This equation does not account for ionospheric and tropospheric effects encountered when GNSS signals pass through the Earth’s atmosphere. When considering equation (1) for multiple scenarios and orbital altitudes, the speed of light is a constant, and depending on the GNSS constellation being used so is the source carrier frequency. Thus, the biggest factor affecting Doppler shift is the relative velocity of the space vehicles. Because the satellites that make up GNSS constellations are held to very strict orbits with known orbital velocities and those orbits are maintained throughout the lifetime of the constellation, the determining factor of the relative velocity for any given mission is the orbital velocity of the receiver vehicle. It follows that the goal in computing a theoretical maximum Doppler shift a spaceborne receiver may encounter is to maximize the relative velocity between the receiver vehicle and the GNSS vehicle. A scenario that would accomplish this would be a receiver vehicle in very low earth orbit (VLEO) tracking GNSS signals. Spaceborne missions taking place in LEO are a unique case of GNSS PNT due to the high relative velocity compared to the GNSS constellation vehicles while still being beneath the GNSS canopy. The dynamics of such a scenario are some of the highest that a receiver may experience during typical PNT operations. As such, the Doppler search space of receivers deployed in LEO must be much wider than needed for ground, sea, and airborne missions. One example of a very low earth orbit mission (VLEO) is the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE). The GOCE mission required extremely precise orbit determination to carry out its scientific objective of mapping Earth’s gravity field to an accuracy of 1-2 cm. The GOCE space vehicle maintained an average orbital altitude of 255 km, placing the average orbital velocity around 8 ᵏᵐ⁄ₛ (European Space Agency, 2022). The GOCE mission tracked GPS signals to assist in orbit determination. GPS satellites orbit at an altitude of 20,200 km with an average orbital velocity of roughly 4 ᵏᵐ⁄ₛ (US Space Force, 2022). Figure 3: GOCE Missions in VLEO have much shorter durations than other spaceborne missions due to the need for constant orbital maintenance maneuvers to counteract the atmospheric drag, and as such, it can be considered the lower limit of possible orbital altitudes. To estimate a maximum possible Doppler shift the worst possible case scenario would be the receiver satellite travelling in exactly the opposite direction (±180°) of the GNSS vehicle. While this is generally a very rare situation some space vehicles do travel in non-standard orbits, so it is possible. Thus, the relative velocity of the space vehicles can be expressed as: Where: So that: Note that all velocities are expressed as linear for simplification. With an established relative velocity, the maximum estimated Doppler shift can be calculated using the following values: Calculating the Doppler shift using the equation (1) results in: With a worst-case-scenario Doppler shift of 63 kHz, it is imperative to ensure the receiver being placed into orbit can perform under such conditions. Skydel Simulation Engine of the BroadSim product line is capable of simulating spaceborne scenarios, even under conditions where Doppler shift is maximized. One of the default vehicle profiles within Skydel is an Earth-orbiting spacecraft with highly customizable Keplerian elements to define the exact orbit thereceiver vehicle will experience. Should the default spacecraft profile not provide enough customization, Skydel can also be interfaced through hardware in the loop (HIL) where exact positions are pushed to the simulator to simulate the specific trajectory of a receiver vehicle. Unlike some simulators where the Doppler shift will have to be either predetermined or manually added to the scenario, Skydel handles Doppler, ionospheric, and tropospheric effects automatically based on the scenario without requiring user input. Figure 4: Skydel Screenshot LEO and VLEO missions are becoming more and more popular especially in the fields of PNT, from both from a provider and user standpoint. To make sure those missions will have sufficient PNT capabilities advanced receivers will need to be used and new receivers will be developed to fill specific roles and advance current capabilities. While the Doppler shifts experienced by receivers on these missions will be high, robust testing to ensure mission success is capable using BroadSim simulation products powered by Skydel. Commonly Asked Questions About Doppler Effects Why are GNSS signals now being used for space navigation? Historically, space vehicles relied on methods like ground stations, inertial sensors, and onboard clocks for navigation. GNSS was originally designed for Earth-based applications, but signal spillover (main lobe and side lobes) into space now allows satellites to use GNSS for autonomous navigation. Why is this topic important? Reliable, autonomous PNT in space is critical for military satellites, ISR platforms, and scientific missions, especially when access to ground-based navigation aids is unavailable or denied. What causes Doppler shift in spaceborne GNSS reception? The Doppler shift arises from the relative velocity between the receiver spacecraft and the GNSS satellite. The faster the receiver moves in orbit, the more pronounced the frequency shift in received GNSS signals. References European Space Agency. (2022). GOCE Facts and Figures. Retrieved from https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/GOCE/Facts_and_figures Parker, M. (2017). Digital Signal Processing 101. Elsevier Inc. US Space Force. (2022). GPS: The Global Positioning System. Retrieved from https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/#orbits DOWNLOAD PDF

Trusted defense mission partner & leader in Assured Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (APNT), providing GNSS simulation, NAVWAR, inertial navigation, and AI. Built for the Threat. Ready for the Mission. Safran Federal Systems is a trusted defense mission partner and industry leader in Assured Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (A-PNT) and Geospatial Intelligence. Our cross-cutting capability set spans GNSS simulation, NAVWAR, inertial navigation, and AI — with continued investment in emerging areas like Quantum Sensing. Through open systems architecture and a commitment to relentless innovation, we deliver proven solutions to the warfighter across all domains. NEWS Safran Federal Systems Achieves CMMC Level 2 Certification, Ensuring Uninterrupted Support for Defense Customers Safran Federal Systems, a trusted provider of positioning, navigation and timing solutions for U.S. federal and defense operations, Thursday announced it has achieved Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Level 2, positioning the company among an early wave of Defense Industrial Base suppliers to meet this critical compliance benchmark ahead of broader enforcement deadlines. PRESS RELEASE Navigating GPS-Denied Environments: Modern Threats and Solutions LEARN MORE → Safran Presents on Next-Generation MEMS Gyro at Joint Navigation Conference LEARN MORE → OUR EXPERTISE Safran helps customers succeed by designing the highest quality products at the best value, leveraging subject matter experts to provide unparalleled solutions, reducing cost, risk and schedule. GNSS Testing & Simulation Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) Assured Positioning, Navigation & Timing (PNT) Inertial Navigation and IMUs Artificial Intelligence Custom Solutions INDUSTRY LEADING CAPABILITIES CRPA Testing Our CRPA testing solutions provide unrivaled scalability, phase-coherency and calibration, from testing entire PNT systems to antenna electronics. Discover why groups like the U.S. Air Force Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility trust us to support their test environment. M-Code Our M-Code PNT solutions support you during all phases of your mission, from testing and simulation to operating in the field. Discover why the world's most critical defense systems rely on us to provide M-Code. We are delivering today with no additional lead time. Navigation Warfare Navigation Warfare is emerging as a powerful non-kinetic strategy to counter adversaries. Our solutions, forged through years of operational expertise and relentless innovation, empower you to dominate the spectrum in the face of evolving threats. LEARN MORE LEARN MORE LEARN MORE MOSA and CMOSS Open Systems Architecture is the DNA behind our rapid prototyping and customer-focused solutions. As MOSA and CMOSS shape the future, we’re committed to aligning with these standards to deliver flexible, scalable, and enduring PNT within the CMFF framework. Search and Rescue Our signaling technology ensures safety in the most rugged and remote environments, with the world’s first Cospas-Sarsat certified second-generation capability. Discover why the U.S. Army chose us to produce beacons to meet their specific requirements. LEARN MORE LEARN MORE Success Story : Accelerating Innovation for U.S. Special Operations Forces In a fast-paced defense landscape, Safran Federal Systems, in close partnership with Anduril, played a pivotal role in rapidly delivering advanced capabilities to support U.S. Special Operations Forces. SUCCESS STORY Elevate Your Career Safran Federal Systems is growing and in need of high-quality talent. We offer competitive salaries, benefits, and flexible positions. A creative environment and fun culture can be checked off your list! Think you have what it takes to be on our team? Apply today. VIEW OPEN ROLES SPEAK TO SALES

CRPAs are a very useful antenna system for platforms that need to operate in environments where interference is commonly present. Uncover its power in testing. Home • Applications • CRPA Testing CRPA Testing Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna Testing What is a CRPA? • Testing a CRPA • Anechoic • Wavefront • Videos • Documents What is a CRPA? The acronym stands for Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna. CRPAs are designed to reduce the effects of RF interference or establish signals’ angle of arrival. Using multiple antenna elements, they minimize jamming signals, using null generation or null steering or maximize “truth” signals using beam forming or beam steering. CRPAs are a very useful antenna system for platforms that need to operate in environments where jamming and interference are commonly present. For this reason, CRPAs are becoming increasingly common, particularly in the Defense sector. They are an extremely effective anti-jam/spoof solution, because they adapt dynamically in response to jamming or spoofing signals. WHAT IS A CRPA What Makes a CRPA? CRPAs begin with some sort of multi-element antenna, but the real magic happens within the antenna electronics, where the RF then proceeds downstream to the GPS receiver. These items can be connected to each other in-line or in a single enclosure. Single-enclosure antennas are sometimes called “integrated CRPAs”. Fundamentally, they work the same way. Ways to Test a CRPA Testing a CRPA prior to fielding is critical − especially in applications like defense, where the stakes are high. There are several test methods for testing CRPA antennas. You should evaluate these methods, their costs and suitability for the use case to ensure that your needs are fully met. Record Replay Realistic, actual recorded data – not generated. Unable to make changes, limited test cases. Difficult to find a suitable recording environment. To record threats, you have to go where threats are. GNSS Simulator Lowest cost option due to advances in technology. Previously very expensive and complex equipment. Innovation now allows us to do some cool things. Flexibility to cover multiple test cases quickly. Anechoic Chamber A complete anechoic chamber system, including simulation equipment and an actual physical chamber. Very expensive, high effort. Physical limitations and building standards. Several potential unknowns Field Testing Bring device out in the field Staged environment and generated threats. Facilitates tangible conditions. Costly: must employ event staff, obtain threat licenses. Little control as attendee. TESTING A CRPA BroadSim Anechoic The anechoic method is the only way to test an entire system as-is, because it allows testing of both the antenna and the antenna electronics integrated in a single package without modification. Still, it requires that the chamber be an optimal size to accommodate the device or system under test, and you could be limited by the antenna setup in the chamber. Skydel auto-calibrates the system, maps the antennas, and is designed to streamline chamber setup and reduce the multiplication of hardware systems. Interference can be integrated with Skydel software or an external generator. VIEW PRODUCT ANECHOIC BroadSim Wavefront The wavefront method brings all signals for each antenna element to the antenna electronics via cables. It prioritizes the ability to have dynamic trajectories for the receiver and for the interference transmitter, which lets you do a great deal of testing. You can essentially model any scenario with an unlimited number of interferences. A wavefront system is packaged lab-ready. Although it doesn't test the antenna, the important part to test is the antenna electronics, making it a good solution for testing CRPAs. It is the lowest-cost option considering all the variables. Be aware of any limitations such as signals, jammers and spoofers, and scalability for future needs. Skydel Wavefront is scalable from two to sixteen elements, is phase coherent, performs real-time automated phase synchronization, and has built-in jamming and spoofing. VIEW PRODUCT WAVEFRONT Play Video Play Video 360 in 180 The Next Generation of CRPA Testing Reimagined for the User Play Video Play Video Generating Threats With BroadSim Wavefront Play Video Play Video The Next Generation of CRPA Testing Reimagined for the User VIDEOS Documents DOCUMENTS Want more info? Ask one of our experts. We'll respond within one business day. EMAIL US

This whitepaper explains the importance of simulation in response to new constellations, the benefits of developing a test environment alongside the development of the constellations, and how a flexible system is best equipped for the advent of new LEO constellations... Home • PNT Library • Developing Simulation Environments Alongside New LEO Constellations Developing Simulation Environments Alongside New LEO Constellations DOWNLOAD PDF By Alaiya Tuntemeke-Winter As more technology utilizes satellites for PNT information, it is integral to develop ways to test the functionality of PNT systems before they are deployed. It has become increasingly useful to develop a test environment for LEO constellations alongside the development of the constellations themselves. A flexible simulation system that can evolve is best equipped for the advent of new LEO constellations. Developing simulation hand in hand with developing the constellation itself has several advantages. Simulation can be implemented at various stages of the process. By developing new constellations and simulation simultaneously, the PNT system can be thoroughly tested before the satellites are deployed. This can further streamline the process between the developers of the constellation and the receivers with quick feedback loops to assist in the design. It can lead to increased communication with the receiver developers and give more insight in addition to modeling. It also means that simulation capability can be available along with the introduction of the constellation itself. In the past, there have been instances of the constellation being deployed but there being few ways for the receiver manufacturers to test their solutions, slowing down the development process. By testing using simulation, developers can test functionality early in the development process, rather than awaiting deployment of the constellation for the chance to field test; receivers and systems can be tested during development for common problem scenarios, such as GPS denied environments via canyons or other outages as well as other types of vulnerabilities. This can give developers a head-start in vetting potentially unforeseen issues the receiver may experience using the new constellation. After implementation simulation can be used to repeat any problems encountered in field tests for faster and more effective testing. Fixes can be implemented in a lab setting before going out again for field testing. This can save time and resources, as there is no need to go all the way to the field test stage every time a problem arises or to test a fix. Using a simulation test bed helps to speed up the development process and to save time and money throughout. Developing simulation alongside the development of the constellation gives simulators the time they need for the capability to be ready when the constellation deploys. If simulation development does not begin until after the constellation is deployed, the development of receivers that can use the new constellation data may be slowed by the inability to test and collect data. Some types of simulators take more time to develop the ability to simulate new constellations, as they may need to develop new software, hardware, or a combination of both. Parallel development of the new constellation and the simulation test bed allows for both simulation capability and constellation availability to time align in the development process. The BroadSim product line provides a dynamic simulator within its software-defined architecture. It is “future-proof” as it can grow and change with new constellations or changes in old ones. It also takes advantage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products to increase system performance. This means two things; one, rather than focusing on hardware improvements, the engineers can focus on the simulation side of the system. Two, upgrade cycles are possible more frequently. BroadSim provides open-source libraries and plug-ins to increase the capability of their simulation solution. One major benefit of software-defined simulation systems regarding LEO constellations is that the GPU can handle the generation of more signals than a traditional FPGA-driven simulation solution. This is because in a true software-defined system there are no fixed hardware channels limiting the number of signals that can be generated. This is especially relevant in LEO constellations as there are more satellites in LEO orbit than there are in the GNSS constellations that have been simulated in the past. Another benefit is that if the limit is ever reached, a GPU can simply be added, and the same simulation tool can continue to be used. This leads to another benefit – the flexibility of the system. New constellations can be incorporated with software instead of additional hardware. This means when new constellations are complete, developers can access those new constellations with a mere software update. Software-defined simulators evolve to support LEO constellations and more rapid development. How simulation can aid development Examples of software-defined simulation in BroadSim BroadSim is an example of this flexibility in motion. With BroadSim, new constellations and signals become available in the tool as they are introduced or are more commonly used in receivers, such as QZSS, BeiDou, and M-Code. Simulators allow users to thoroughly test how receivers or whole systems work during specific scenarios, giving them the ability to see all-in-sky satellites and terrain effects, and provide refresh rates that translate into real-time processing for fast-moving applications. This makes it possible to test acquisition time, view relative receiver power data, and collect other relevant data to further development, as well as automate commands to speed up testing. The flexibility of the system is demonstrated by its proven ability to simulate existing LEO constellations. Using BroadSim powered by Skydel, there are multiple built-in ways to create LEO constellations. One such way is using BroadSim’s plug-in tool, which has already seen success. This tool allows users to develop features and integrate them into the BroadSim user interface and real-time simulation engine. BroadSim also provides the ability to modify existing constellations with custom signals and the addition of data sets to manipulate orbital and ephemeris data. In the future, a growing list of constellations will become available for selection within the tool. Safran Federal Systems is integrating new constellations today, and can help do the same for yours. BroadSim Simulation In conclusion, developing simulation capability alongside the development of constellations is to the advantage of the engineer who will be able to test without delay. Those simulators can aid in the design process by allowing rapid testing and development, speeding up time to market, and increasing cost savings by reducing field test cycles and hours. Software-defined simulators are more equipped to handle LEO constellations. They are not limited in the number of signals they can produce via hardware; they are agile in that they can increase available constellations and capability without needing any hardware upgrades. New features and constellations are available with just a software upgrade, and the user community can create new ways to use the tool using open-source plug-ins to meet their needs. BroadSim already has initial support for LEO simulation using the plugin tool and Safran Federal Systems is actively taking inquiries from users and providers to partner with them and integrate their solution. DOWNLOAD PDF

Reliance of GPS in modern land-warfare systems, potential effects of GPS disruption on their operation and considerations for protecting their ability to continue operating in a GPS-disrupted environment. Home • PNT Library • Defense PNT in Challenged Environments Defense PNT in Challenged Environments DOWNLOAD PDF By Tim Erbes DOWNLOAD PDF

Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) that provide true north-finding capabilities is an extremely helpful and flexible alternative because it allows vehicles to have high accuracy orientation capabilities for their mounted weapons or radar payloads. Home • PNT Library • Equipment Pointing & Radar Directional Capabilities For Defense Applications Equipment Pointing & Radar Directional Capabilities For Defense Applications DOWNLOAD PDF By Anthony Full Problem We Solve In order to properly orient a vehicle-mounted weapon, or any radar system that relies on global navigation satellite signals, vehicle crews need accurate heading data to point their equipment. Operators may start with estimating trajectory paths, but it is hard to know exactly where their equipment is pointing because any slight change in angle causes a massive change in impact location or radar direction. Operating in a GNSS-denied environment also presents challenges, and it would be time consuming and potentially dangerous to wait for clean signal reception. Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) that provide true north-finding capabilities is an extremely helpful and flexible alternative because it allows vehicles to have high accuracy orientation capabilities for their mounted weapons or radar payloads. They can minutely adjust their angles or rotation without the aid of GPS, and without being susceptible to vibrations and shocks. Why Is It Important Having precise orientation capabilities is critical in ensuring weapons effectively designate their targets. Likewise, having accurate orientation in radar systems is essential in the process of geographically locating objects. The act of orienting a vehicle weapon or radar is not trivial: accurate shooting requires complex calculations from numerous factors including determining level ground, finding the north pole, measuring wind speed and direction, and elevation of the target. Highly accurate equipment pointing can mean the difference between mission failure and success. Therefore, having a robust navigation system that can provide heading data in real time is of paramount importance for defense applications. Given that the National Intelligence Council has identified an increasing trend in jamming and spoofing attacks, the need for navigation systems to be able to operate independent of GPS signals is also becoming important. Inertial navigation systems need to be able to operate in both normal conditions as well as GPS-denied environments. Of course, there are different grades of accuracy for equipment pointing depending on your needs. And we’ll cover the most relevant solutions next. How We Solve it When it comes to navigation systems that can provide heading data in real time Safran has field-proven solutions for diverse defense applications. The Geonyx product incorporates HRG technology, unlike GPS, INS does not rely on external signals for navigation and heading. Instead, it uses motion sensors and rotation sensors to calculate the position, orientation and velocity of the vehicle based on internal data. The Geonyx will output pitch, roll, and heading data to the vehicles weapon system or to the vehicles radar system via ethernet. GEONYX INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM Geonyx is an INS solution for ground vehicles and artillery pointing systems, offering a virtually unlimited and maintenance-free lifespan. It can achieve a pointing accuracy of <0.5 mils thanks to HRG Crystal technology. It has quick and flexible alignment – even in GNSS-denied environments. DOWNLOAD PDF

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Geonyx™ M-Code incorporates secure, anti-spoofing military M-Code GPS capability to provide resilient PNT in denied environments for land & amphibious navigation. Home • Products • Inertial Navigation Systems • Geonyx ™ M-Code Geonyx™ M-Code Reliable strikes under any conditions Geonyx ™ M-Code PRODUCT | INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS Consumption <17 W Pointing accuracy <0.5 mils MTBF >100,000 hours ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About Integrating the HRG Crystal™, Geonyx™ offers a real breakthrough in the INS navigation grade market in terms of operational efficiency, flexible systems integration, robustness, reliability, and M-Code resilience. Features Along with being able to receive copious amounts of data from the receiver, users can also control receivers with one or many of the built-in command buttons. Operational Efficiency First-of-class pointing accuracy under the harshest conditions, market’s shortest alignment time. Robustness and reliability Hard-mounted without external support, long lifetime supported by the reliable HRG Crystal™. Flexible systems integration Can be mounted on any orientation on devices. Withstands high shock due to being hard-mounted. M-Code resilience Safran Federal Systems has the latest M-Code solutions. Click to download the Geonyx ™ M-Code data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET