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Skydel has eliminated calibration inefficiencies by autonomously time, phase and power aligning the signals for you. Now you can focus on the more important tasks of testing, verifying, and validating your CRPA navigation system’s performance without calibration concerns. Home • PNT Library • Skydel Wavefront Calibration Tech Brief Skydel Wavefront Calibration Tech Brief DOWNLOAD PDF By Jaemin Powell DOWNLOAD PDF

Orolia Defense & Security has announced the availability of M-Code Military GPS receivers in its Resilient PNT products and solutions, including M-Code enabled mobile mission timing and synchronization platforms. Orolia Unveils M-Code Enabled Mobile Timing & Sync Solutions ROCHESTER, NY, November 12, 2020 DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited Orolia, the world leader in Resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), through its Orolia Defense & Security business, has announced the availability of M-Code Military GPS receivers in its Resilient PNT products and solutions, including M-Code enabled mobile mission timing and synchronization platforms. M-Code capabilities further enhance Orolia’s Versa mobile PNT platform for rugged, small SWaP-C requirements and Orolia’s flagship SecureSync® resilient time and frequency reference solution- the first Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) approved time server. M-Code is a military signal used in the L1 and L2 GPS bands and required by Congressional mandate for Department of Defense (DoD) military operations. Designed to enhanced positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities and improved resistance to existing and emerging GPS threats, such as jamming and spoofing. M-Code offers several operational benefits including a higher-power signal that offers improved resistance to jamming and interference; advanced security features to prevent unauthorized access or exploitation; and improved message formats and signal modulation techniques for faster and more accurate performance. “As threats against GPS increase, military forces will need M-Code capabilities on mobile PNT systems to ensure continuous operations wherever they go,” said Hironori Sasaki, President of Orolia Defense & Security. “Orolia is proud to continue to support Department of Defense initiatives to ensure that warfighters have the most secure, reliable and accurate positioning, timing and synchronization solutions in any environment.” From resilient PNT solutions to GPS/GNSS simulation, interference detection, and mitigation, Orolia is the industry leader in end-to-end NAVWAR and Resilient PNT solutions to protect, augment and strengthen military systems for GPS-denied environments. About Orolia Defense & Security Orolia Defense & Security provides Resilient PNT solutions and custom engineering services to U.S. Government agencies, defense organizations, and their contractors. Orolia Defense & Security is authorized to work on the full spectrum of U.S. Government classified and unclassified projects, in addition to supporting strategic partnerships for key defense PNT technologies. www.OroliaDS.com Orolia Defense & Security operates as a proxy-regulated company and wholly owned subsidiary of Orolia, the world leader in Resilient PNT solutions for military and commercial applications worldwide. www.Orolia.com Contact: Rachael Smith 614-736-3736 rachael.smith@oroliaDS.com VIEW PDF

HyperReveal TACTICAL delivers cutting-edge AI-powered geospatial intelligence solutions for defense and intelligence entities. Its detectors offer the best performance on the market to detect, recognize, and identify military objects and man-made infrastructures, on both EO & SAR imagery. Home • Products • Artificial Intelligence • HyperReveal TACTICAL HyperReveal TACTICAL Geospatial Artificial Intelligence Solution HyperReveal TACTICAL PRODUCT | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AI Detectors EO, SAR Resolution < 70 cm Formats TIF / JPEG2000 / NITF Classification Public cloud (CSI) up to SECRET (NTM) Vectors Geojson, Shapefile, KML Performance F1-Score: > 90% Exploitation GXP Xplorer, ArcGIS Pro, MINDS ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About HyperReveal TACTICAL delivers cutting-edge AI-powered geospatial intelligence solutions for defense and intelligence entities. Its proprietary AI Detectors automatically process VHR satellite imagery on both electro-optical (EO) or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to speed up the intelligence cycle and enable timely decision-making. HyperReveal Detectors offer the best performance on the market to detect, recognize, and identify military objects and man-made infrastructures, on both EO & SAR imagery. Combat-proven AI HyperReveal TACTICAL is deployed at operational scale in Global Critical Access and Influence Zones and is already integrated with intelligence agencies' operational processing workflows. Trained on a proprietary database of 50M objects Battle-proven under current real-world military operations Full agnosticity from input data to output exploitation Seamless integration with existing workflows Total Advantage High-level accuracy from detection to identification High-speed processing for massive data exploitation Global persistent monitoring thanks to EO & SAR combination Outmost performance from strategic intelligence down to the tactical edge Strategic sites surveillance Automatic disposition of forces Specific area/object monitoring Tagging assistance Broad Area Search Large area object research Target identification Tactical GEOINT Accelerate mission planning Automatic vectorization/mapping Ground feature extraction GRG automation Data Information Exploitation Click to download the HyperReveal TACTICAL data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET

Explore our Personnel Recovery Device that is a robust, ruggedized, dual-mode, and user-friendly beacon for the most demanding search and rescue environments. Home • Products • Custom Solutions • Personnel Recovery Device Personnel Recovery Device Second-Generation Personal Locator Beacon Personnel Recovery Device PRODUCT | CUSTOM SOLUTIONS RF Specification 406 MHz IAW Cospas-Sarsat documents T.018 and T.021, 360-425 MHz Customer specified GPS Specification Type 50 channel L1/CA code Coordinate System, Geodetic Lat/Long WGS-84 Dimensions 2" x 1.5" x 4.5" Weight <12 oz with batteries ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About Safran Federal Systems’ Personnel Recovery Device is the world’s first personal locator beacon built specifically for the US Army that utilizes the Second Generation Cospas-Sarsat signaling technology for the most demanding search and rescue environments. It’s a robust, ruggedized, dual mode, user-friendly beacon that has introduced many new innovations in this version of the modern beacon. This is the smallest, most capable PRD designed to meet Army-specific requirements. – Portable – Rugged – Secure State of the Art Design Weighs a mere 7 ounces Operates continuously over a 36-48 hour period Wraparound flexible antenna Commercial GNSS chipset Operated by a single hand even when wearing CBRN gloves More Key Features Simultaneously supports the critical CONOPS as a device of last resort for electronic distress alerting Designed to meet MIL-STD environmental conditions Provides a simple user interface Field/User replaceable CR-123 batteries Dual mode capability; Adaptable to customer requirements Second-generation 406 MHz Distress Signaling Capability Extremely Low-SWaP Form Factor Click to download the Personnel Recovery Device data sheets. VIEW DATA SHEET

SkyNaute™ hybrid inertial/GNSS navigation system is the most competitive aeronautical navigation system on the market for airplanes, helicopters and drones. Home • Products • Inertial Navigation Systems • SkyNaute ™ SkyNaute™ Ultra compact hybrid inertial reference system SkyNaute ™ PRODUCT | INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS Consumption 20 W Weight 6.6 lbs Size 3 L MTBF > 1 million hours ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About SkyNaute™ hybrid inertial/GNSS navigation system meets all the safety and reliability requirements for airplanes, helicopters and drones. Thanks to the HRG Crystal™, SkyNaute™ is the most competitive aeronautical navigation system on the market. Optimized SWaP Modular and adaptable to fit all civil and military requirements High integrity and accuracy The most competitive aeronautical navigation system on the market SkyNaute™ meets all the safety and reliability requirements for airplanes, helicopters, and drones. High performance inertial and piloting data Protection levels for RNP/RNP-AR operations Fly-by-Wire, SVS (Synthetic Vision System) & HUD (Head-Up Display) architecture ready solution Click to download the SkyNaute ™ data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET

Breaking Barriers: Women In Science Defense technology demands precision, reliability, and innovation—and women at Safran Federal Systems are at the forefront of making it happen. On National Women and Girls in Science Day, we are highlighting Lindsay Fitzgerald, a Senior Quality Engineer, whose expertise ensures that every system meets the highest standards of quality and reliability. Her journey in STEM is one of determination, problem-solving, and breaking barriers. Today, she shares what inspired her path, the impact of her role, and advice for the next generation of women in science. A Love For Science and Learning From an early age, Lindsay was drawn to the mechanics of how things worked. Whether she was solving complex problems or devising innovative solutions, she was captivated by the STEM world. “I am inspired by science, my love for learning sciences, and endless world of learning, and I love solving complex problems and being innovative. And my science career took off when I was a young girl.” This fascination led her to pursue a career in the STEM field, ultimately leading her to work in the defense industry, where she plays a crucial role. Ensuring Excellence Every system, product, and process she oversees must meet rigorous industry and government standards, leaving no room for error. Her work involves collaborating with different teams to ensure that the technology is both effective and secure. “I'm a quality engineer here and quality is a super critical role in making sure that our processes are sustainable and reliable, so that we're producing quality products that meet customer requirements and industry requirements. So in the defense industry, our end users our military operations, so it's super critical. That they receive products they can trust just given the high-stakes nature of the business.” Her role is not just about enforcing standards but ensuring that every component meets the demands of the end-users and industry. From Aspiration to Leadership Every career has a key moment that defines and strengthens an individual’s path. After years of hard work, persistence, and breaking barriers, Lindsay achieved her goal of becoming a leader in the quality industry. “A defining moment I would say is becoming a leader in the quality industry not only have I been able to achieve my career goals as a woman in science, I'm helping others do the same. So being a leader in the role has really helped shape who I am today.” Her journey is proof that persistence and self-confidence can break down barriers, opening more doors for women to rise in the science and engineering fields. With the position she has reached, she knows she can drive meaningful change as a woman in science. Owning Your Space The path into STEM isn’t always easy. There will be challenges along the way, but the future depends on diverse perspectives—on people who think creatively, solve problems uniquely, and bring new ideas to the table. Here is some advice for women considering a career in STEM: “Advice to other women, I would say set goals, start small but dream big. Don't let anyone tell you that you can't achieve them and never be afraid to speak your mind and if STEM is a field that you're passionate about, then go for it. The world is yours.” Empowering Women in Science Lindsay’s story serves as both inspiration and a call to action for those interested in the field. For those considering a path in STEM, the opportunities to make a difference are limitless. The next breakthrough, the next advancement, the next leader in defense technology could be you. Feeling inspired? Explore career opportunities at Safran Federal Systems CAREERS

Women In Leadership: Suzanne Kwak As we celebrate Women’s Month, we take this opportunity to recognize the women who are paving the way for future generations— especially in fields where they have been underrepresented. In this special feature, we sit down with Suzanne Kwak, a leader who has navigated challenges, seized opportunities, and carved out a path of success for herself and many more women to come. She shares her defining moment in her journey, highlights women who have inspired her career and explores the opportunities available for women in this space today. Grab your coffee or beverage of choice and join us as we talk about ambition, resilience, and the power of women in leadership. Encouraging Women and Girls As we reflect on the significance of Women’s Month, it’s essential to consider how we can contribute to shaping the future. Encouraging more women and girls to explore STEM careers is crucial in ensuring the industry's continuous growth and diversity. Suzanne shares her thoughts on how we can all play a role in fostering an environment that encourages women and girls to pursue STEM careers. “From my perspective, I think that we have to encourage women to be curious. We have to encourage them to be comfortable with a healthy amount of competition. We also need to encourage women to be- and show grace to themselves. So, what do I mean by that, from a curiosity again, in particular, I'm in product development, so be curious about any problem that you're faced with. Just have a natural curiosity and a willingness to learn. I think that will take you incredibly far in your journey. The other piece is healthy competition, I'm a sports fan. I'm an advocate of having fun. And I noticed that women who can embrace competition have a tenacity, and they can get through things. So if you look at your male counterparts, right, they do a great job of having fun and heckling each other. Try that. It actually works to diffuse stress and build bonds, and it will help you in your career. And then lastly, show yourself some grace. I think too often women have a tendency to expect perfection from themselves and that's just not realistic. It's not realistic for us to expect it of ourselves or others. And so, I would encourage you to just show yourself a little grace. And if you don't know everything, be curious, ask questions, try your hardest and learn from it.” By nurturing curiosity, fostering healthy competition, and practicing self-compassion, we can create an environment where women feel empowered to pursue a career without the fear of limitations and know they are supported every step of the way. Leadership Is a Series of Lessons For Suzanne, leadership isn’t defined by one single event, but a series of moments that provide valuable lessons. A defining moment that helped her become the leader she is today is that leadership is a continuous journey— one that requires being open to learning and growing. “I reflected on this question, and quite honestly, my perspective is that leadership is a series of lessons and that you really need to be open to those lessons and you need to pay attention. If you can show up every day with the spirit of improving and getting better and learning from whoever happens to be around you, that will make you a better leader. Your leadership is really an aggregation of all of those life lessons and applying them to the situation at hand.” This perspective is a game changer for Suzanne in how she approaches leadership and growth. By showing up with the intent to get better each day, you evolve into a confident and more effective leader. Women Who Inspire The women who inspire us often come from different corners of our lives, shaping our decisions and guiding us through successes and setbacks. Those who continue to influence and inspire her are her three daughters. “I'm going to answer that with the present. So I have three daughters, actually all in STEM fields. But really, my inspiration is raising them to be all they can be. So they push me to do all I can do. But they also help me be confident, help me show them what can be possible. So for me, it's about the next generation. There's a myriad of people that stood before me, and by no means were they not important. But really for me, it's the next generation, which happens to be my three daughters.” Their influence is a constant source of inspiration, fueling her to inspire and create opportunities for other women in the field. Opportunity Awaits In this rapidly evolving defense industry, the opportunities for women are growing and Suzanne believes women bring a lot of great abilities to the table. “The opportunity for women to contribute in product development in any kind of stem is about the uniqueness, I think, that women show up with. So it's been my observation that women are very good at assimilating information. They're very good at taking in a variety of inputs and then creating an action plan and making a decision. So what is unique for women is not about, you know, the specific position. It's not about the business needs, those don't change. It's how women show up and drive results. And I think they do it in a very, very proactive way. I think women tend to be decisive and they tend to be able to pull information and people together. So that's unique, right? I think that is the crux of leadership, how do you propel the business forward? How do you propel people forward? And I think women do that very well.” Their ability to bring people together, inspire collaboration, and lead with purpose makes women invaluable assets. As women continue to showcase these strengths, they will continue to unlock great opportunities for leadership and impact in the space. It’s clear that women are shaping the present and driving the future of industries like STEM and defense. Suzanne's insights remind us that leadership is a continuous learning journey and that by fostering an environment where women are encouraged to grow, we are building a future of inclusivity and innovation. Let’s continue to support, uplift, and celebrate the women who are shaping the world around us today and every day. Feeling inspired? Explore career opportunities at Safran Federal Systems CAREERS

The problem of synchronizing time to coordinate action is not just an old one, but a crucial one in our modern interconnected world. NTP and PTP, two common approaches, play a significant role in solving this problem. Discover their differences. Home • PNT Library • NTP vs PTP Understanding Time Synchronization Protocols and Choosing the Right Mission-Critical Solution NTP vs PTP Understanding Time Synchronization Protocols and Choosing the Right Mission-Critical Solution DOWNLOAD PDF By Kevin Stottler How Modern Devices Keep Perfect Timing: Understanding NTP and PTP Synchronization With the increasing connectivity of everyday devices such as phones, cars, and televisions, manually setting clocks is becoming a thing of the past. Have you ever wondered how this technology works? This post will explain and compare Network Time Protocol and Precision Time Protocol, two methods for automatically synchronizing devices over IP networks, and provide some historical context. Carrying out activities at coordinated times applies to activities as simple as meeting a friend for coffee or as complex as military operations. In earlier decades, radio systems like NIST’s WWVB broadcast were used, phone modems dialed time references, and clocks were set by hand. As computer networks grew to hundreds or thousands of nodes, it became less practical for each node to use one of these methods. This historical context is crucial to understanding the evolution of time synchronization methods. What is Network Time Protocol (NTP)? How it Works and When It’s Accurate Enough The development of the Network Time Protocol solved this problem. In a network with a thousand nodes, only a few now had to synchronize themselves directly to primary references such as radio broadcasts, satellites, or atomic clocks. NTP is hierarchical, with servers connected to primary references considered “Stratum 1.” Additional servers can synchronize with Stratum 1 servers, becoming Stratum 2, and so on. This allows more capacity to be added and the network to scale up without adding more satellite receivers or atomic clocks. Some networks also use Anycast, which directs traffic to the nearest server, or Round Robin or pooling, where DNS is used to direct clients to one of many servers. These methods distribute requests evenly among a group of servers to balance load or provide redundancy. Like many other protocols, NTP works by a client sending a request to a server and receiving a response. With NTP, the client keeps track of the time at which the request was sent (t1), the server responds with the times the request was received (t2), and the reply sent (t3) to account for processing time. The client records when the response is received (t4). Using these four timestamps, the client can estimate how long the response took from the server (path delay) and calculate the difference between its own clock and the server’s. Without this delay compensation mechanism, the client’s clock would be offset by the path delay, which can be around 50ms on the Internet. This relatively simple technique, requiring only software on most nodes, can often synchronize machines to within 10ms over the Internet, and within 1ms over local networks where routing is more predictable. The primary source of error is if the delay is not symmetrical, such as on congested networks. However, this technique is plenty accurate enough for many use cases, such as timestamping log events or messages. Public vs. Private NTP Servers: Should You Rely on Public NTP Servers? There are many public servers on the Internet that can provide accurate time for free, operated by various software vendors, telecom providers, universities, and governments. This is usually fine for synchronizing workstations. However, these services are not guaranteed, and network conditions outside local control may affect accuracy or availability. Consider deploying a dedicated local NTP server such as the Safran SecureSync to provide resilient network synchronization for use cases needing greater accuracy, availability, or control. What is Precision Time Protocol (PTP)? High Accuracy Time Sync for Critical Systems For many general use cases, NTP is plenty accurate and cost-effective. For synchronizing humans, NTP works well. However, if you’re synchronizing machines, especially fast-moving ones, you may need the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is defined in IEEE 1588 and is designed to enable tighter synchronization within a local network. PTP can usually synchronize two nodes to within microseconds, and with hardware timestamping, even sub-microsecond accuracy is possible. These are orders of magnitude better than NTP. The trade-off is greater complexity and cost to implement. There are no public servers like with NTP, so each network requires its own grandmaster to be configured at the top of the hierarchy. How PTP works: Sync Messages, Hardware Timestamps, and Network Aware Devices The protocol functions very similarly to NTP, with the timeTransmitter and timeReceiver nodes exchanging messages to calculate both the network delay and the offset of their clocks. However, the timeTransmitter initiates the exchange by sending a sync message, often as a multicast to all timeReceivers. Network interfaces designed to support PTP are also capable of hardware timestamping, recording the time when a packet is received or sent on the wire rather than relying on the operating system. Another significant difference is the behavior of the protocol when traversing routers or switches. In a PTP network, most intermediate devices like routers and switches must be PTP-aware. They should account for queuing or processing delays in passing PTP messages. These devices, referred to as either boundary clocks or transparent clocks, play a vital role in the seamless operation of the PTP network. Transparent clocks update the timestamps in the PTP messages and “transparently” pass them along. Boundary clocks act as timeReceivers to upstream devices and then act as timeTransmitters to downstream devices. Sectors where PTP is common are generally those where specialized networks are used, and increased accuracy is required. This includes telecom and other utilities, such as coordinating cellular handoffs or grid switching, high-frequency trading, and industrial automation, to ensure that separate machines can make coordinated movements. Safran offers several products, including SecureSync , that can provide PTP time, NTP and other outputs such as IRIG. For enhanced resilience, M-Code can be supported. PTP vs NTP: Key Differences in Accuracy, Use Cases, Complexity, and Cost Example Use Cases Choosing Between NTP and PTP: What’s Right for Your Application? The problem of synchronizing time to coordinate action is not just an old one, but a crucial one in our modern interconnected world. NTP and PTP, two common approaches, play a significant role in solving this problem. While NTP can synchronize humans, PTP is often needed to synchronize machines. The trade-off for the higher performance of PTP is its increased cost and complexity. Beyond PTP, a technology called White Rabbit is capable of nanosecond-level synchronization but requires dedicated hardware and infrastructure. Poor time synchronization can lead to out-of-order actions or event logs when designing a system, which can be challenging to troubleshoot. However, by considering this need earlier in the design process, scheduled tasks execute at the correct time, and logs reflect the actual time of events. This proactive approach can significantly enhance the efficiency of your system. Talk to us about NTP or PTP for your application by emailing sales@safranfs.com or filling out our inquiry form here . DOWNLOAD PDF

Built upon its software-defined platform, BroadSim Wavefront incorporates support for controlled radiation pattern antenna (CRPA) and multi-element receiver testing. Talen-X announces Wavefront Simulator, Nano February 13, 2019 - By GPS World Staff Talen-X has added the BroadSim Wavefront Simulator to its software-defined platform. The BroadSim Wavefront further extends the capabilities achieved by BroadSim Anechoic , incorporating support for controlled radiation pattern antenna (CRPA) and multi-element receiver testing. BroadSim, powered by Skydel SDX, has brought new innovations to the forefront each year to meet the growing needs of Talen-X’s customers, and the new wavefront simulator is the latest advancement. Its features include: Phase-coherent simulation Real-time automated phase calibration Scalable from 4 to 16 elements Advanced jamming and spoofing scenarios Talen-X engineers are approaching delivery of an operational demonstration unit, as well. BroadSense Nano The BroadSense Nano GPS jamming sensor is the newest addition to Talen-X’s BroadSense product line. It has the smallest size, weight and power of any BroadSense product. The video below features shows a prototype of the Nano, as well as information about its features and a demonstration of the unit reacting to various jamming waveforms in real time. https://youtu.be/IrFuAQknsqU VIEW PDF

Veterans Day: Jayme Fisher What branch of the military did you serve in, and for how long? Marine Corps, 4 active years. What were your duties? Artillery mechanic, Armorer What inspired you to join the military? Feeling of Community, belonging, all while pushing it to the limit. What does Veterans Day mean to you personally? I remember my Grandfather, who was a Marine before me, as well as my fellow Marines I served with. I thank all of those who gave their life to defend our Constitution from ALL enemies, foreign and domestic. What skills or values from your service do you apply in your role here? Judgement, decisiveness, integrity, dependability, Tact, initiative, unselfishness, caring, loyalty, and enthusiasm. In your opinion, what do Veterans bring to the workplace? Experience you cannot put a price on- Veterans were willing to give everything, up to and including their life. What’s a memorable experience from your time in service? Gearing up Military Police Marines with their gear, gun, bullets, and pepper spray, everyday for a year, ensuring safety on our base. (They ended up stopping a potential mass shooter at the gates.) What’s your proudest accomplishment — either in or out of uniform? Becoming a Father. Bringing a baby into the world is a life changing experience, and while not in the immediate plan when it happened, I embraced it and now have 2 beautiful children (one who gets his DRIVER’S LICENSE this December…) One of our “Safran Together” values is Succeeding Together. How do you embody this in your role? Communication: I always try to ensure that every line of communication, within and outside of Safran, is crystal clear. Feeling inspired? Explore career opportunities at Safran Federal Systems CAREERS

The interference threat information provided from a Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) combined with reliable PNT sources, such as the Safran VersaPNT and Geonyx systems, can deliver situational awareness information, such as the approximate position of interference threat sources. Home • PNT Library • Interference Threat Position Awareness Interference Threat Position Awareness DOWNLOAD PDF By Garrett Payne and Dylan Dayton Real-time interference detection for Situational Awareness (SA) The interference threat information provided from a Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) combined with reliable PNT sources, such as the Safran VersaPNT and Geonyx systems, can deliver situational awareness information, such as the approximate position of interference threat sources. A CRPA was integrated with a Geonyx system and tested operationally.. The CRPA, combined with the accurate heading of the Geonyx, proved to provide robust threat direction finding abilities. Technology Used CRPA Antenna A CRPA is a type of antenna system featuring multiple antenna elements designed to enhance the resilience and performance of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers by mitigating interference VersaPNT The VersaPNT is a robust Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) solution and can be configured to use external PNT sensors and devices which include but are not limited to a CRPA. Geonyx The Geonyx is a land true-inertial navigation, target geolocation & artillery pointing system. CRPA Interface The interference direction-finding system utilized a Novatel GAJT-710 (7-element CRPA) for detecting interference and providing information on detected signals. The GAJT-710 provides interference detection on both GPS L1 and L2 bands and can detect up to 6 simultaneous threats per band. The system parsed the data feed from the CRPA to get information of detected interference and calculate relative directions to suspected threat emitters. Geonyx Interface The interference direction-finding system utilized a Geonyx system for providing position and heading data for absolute positioning. The VersaPNT has also been used to provide position and heading data, similar to the Geonyx. With knowledge of the absolute position and heading of the system, the absolute direction to detected interference can be calculated. The CRPA provides interference relative to antenna heading. Assuming the pointing angle between the CRPA and the Geonyx is known, the relative angles of interference can be converted to absolute angles. GUI Creation and Use The prototype UI shows the threat information detected from the CRPA in real time: • Signal strength, azimuth angle, and elevation angles are shown for detected threats on L1 and L2 bands. • Lines of bearing are calculated using the absolute position and heading from the Geonyx and can be shown on a map. Future Work The prototype ran on separate hardware, so the next step of integration will be to integrate directly on existing navigation/timing systems. Systems will directly intake the CRPA feed and use internal position and heading for calculating absolute bearing to threats. Threat lines of bearing will be shown on system WebUI and updated in real time. Algorithms will be developed and refined for calculating the absolute position of threats based upon lines of bearing. With enough system movement, the changes in lines of bearing over time can be used to detect the position of threat emitters. DOWNLOAD PDF

Prepare for tomorrow. Find vulnerabilities today. Dive into the world of GPS interferences, how threats have evolved, and how engineers are using methods such as simulation to innovate and mitigate. Home • PNT Library • Simulation Against Jamming and Spoofing Simulation Against Jamming and Spoofing DOWNLOAD PDF By Tim Erbes DOWNLOAD PDF