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Miniature Rb Atomic Clock Improves Military Communications Performance DOWNLOAD PDF By Multiple Contributors David Garigen (Orolia Defense & Security) Alaiya Tuntemeke-Winter (Orolia Defense and Security) Serge Grop, Stavros Melachroinos (Orolia) The mRO-50 is Orolia’s new low SWaP-C miniaturized rubidium oscillator. It is an innovative new atomic clock designed to meet core requirements for military ground and mobile radio communications applications. While maintaining the same volume as a standard oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), it provides better holdover and higher stability with the lowest power consumption amongst other miniature atomic clocks (MACs) in the market. It can be a drop-in replacement for many applications. The mRO-50 is lower cost than a Chip Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC), and due to its superior performance, small footprint, and low power consumption, it can be applied to many different applications. Namely, in telecommunications systems, it can improve the data throughput performance of networking waveforms, along with many non-networking waveforms. It can do this because its superior holdover and Allan deviation reduce the size of the guard bands, maximizing the volume of information that can be passed between radios. Figure 1: Orolia's mRO-50 The transfer and acquisition of time in DoD and commercial applications from both GNSS and non-GNSS sources has become an important topic in recent decades with greater demands for precision. Many atomic clock products have been designed to strike a balance between performance and cost that allow these goals to be met. This paper describes how the use of the mRO-50 addresses problems that can be seen on ground or mobile platforms using the LTE waveforms as example. The importance of oscillator holdover and the benefits of synchronizing radios in the field are also discussed. The SWaP-C of the mRO-50 now opens the door for systems integrators to use atomic clocks in manpack and vehicular radio applications, replacing what has traditionally been a TCXO. Modern radio communication requires that the transmitter and the receiver are tightly synchronized. This is to allow faster frequency hopping as well as the ability to network at high data rates largely due to a reduction in the size of the “guard bands”. A great example of the benefits of time synchronization is LTE, a commercial networking waveform that is focused on high data throughput. The evolution of this waveform is indicative of the evolution of other, similar waveforms. Referencing table 1 below, one can see that the time/phase requirement of LTE is 1.5us, and the time/phase requirement of LTE-A is 500ns. In one generation, the waveform’s synchronization requirement got tighter by a factor of 3. Table 1: LTE and LTE-A Requirements For commercial radios, such as cell phones, a high precision sync can be achieved using commercial GPS.The problem with relying on GNSS signals is that, in military applications especially, they can become unavailable due to jamming and spoofing by adversaries- or by natural effects, such as “urban canyons”, or natural canyons, blocking a direct line of sight to satellites of interest. There are also instances in cities and in the field where devices can enter these areas for extended periods of time. In these GPS denied environments devices can no longer sync using GPS, forcing the device into holdover. When in holdover it is important for radios to maintain a precise clock. Though some waveforms have features to help keep them synced without GPS, these features limit data throughput because they use bandwidth for sending sync pulses instead of data. In many commercial devices the oscillator will quickly drift away from the actual time. Below we can see a comparison of holdover performance of common Oscillators using LTE and LTE-A as reference. Figure 2: mRO, OCXO, and TCXO Comparison When coming out of holdover, if a device is out of sync with its peers, it will need to synchronize before any meaningful communications can be performed. In this situation, many waveforms will need to enter a “cell search” mode or some equivalent form of peer synchronization prior to communicating. A cell search will waste time (it can take minutes for this sync to complete)- and it will force the user to perform multiple transmissions, increasing the opportunity of detection by an adversary. If, on the other hand, an atomic clock is used (such as an mRO-50)- and synchronization is maintained, the user can immediately start communicating- without the need for a cell search. Guard Bands The waveforms used in modern military radios operate by assigning time slots to users to allow them to simultaneously pass information (as observed by the operator). This technique in telecommunications is known as time division multiple access (TDMA). Thus, if there are many users in a group, such as an infantry platoon, then they can all transmit and receive on the same frequency, as the precise transmit and receive times are sliced and allocated amongst the users. Each time slot, however, requires some time at the start and at the end, known as “guard bands”, to prevent the radios from “talking over each other” and destroying the message. If the radios are all perfectly synchronized, then the guard bands can be reduced to zero- and data throughput is maximized. In reality the radios are not well synchronized, and these guard bands can become significant, wasting valuable spectrum that could otherwise be used to pass more data. Thus, by improving the synchronization of the radios, the telecommunications system can maximize the data that can be passed over the air. The mRO-50 improves the timing synchronization, compared to a standard CSAC, by an order of magnitude due to its superior Allan deviation, bringing the system close to the ideal data throughput. Figure 3: Why does sync matter? Low SWaP-C, high precision atomic oscillators such as the mRO-50, also open the possibility for usage in UAV sensor payloads. These payloads often use GNSS to synchronize their clocks with other parts of the system. GPS outages can be problematic for both the UAV’s communications links and its inertial navigation systems (INS). The high stability of the atomic clock as the INS time base reduces the time integration error drift during extended GNSS outages, along with the telecommunications benefits already discussed. When the GNSS signal is disrupted, the UAV switches to the stable time base provided by the mRO-50 and can “coast” without a signal to maintain operations. The superior holdover time, offered by a mRO-50, allows the user to coast for a very long time. In fact, even when compared to a standard CSAC, the mRO-50 holdover time is more than 5x better in one day. New possibilities for telecommunications systems and UAV sensor payloads have been realized with the advent of low SWaP-C atomic clocks, such as the mRO-50. Early adaptations of these advanced technologies keep our warfighters equipped with the best technologies and provide them with the tactical edge on the battlefield. Conclusion The importance of precision in the acquisition of timing from GNSS and non-GNSS sources has increased in recent decades. Many atomic clock products have been designed to strike a balance between performance and cost that allow this new degree of accuracy to be met. The mRO-50 is Orolia’s new low SWaP-C Miniaturized Rubidium Atomic Clock, specifically designed to meet core requirements foreground, and mobile radio communications applications in terms of weight, size, and performance. It will enable more advanced telecommunications systems and the resilience of UAVs and other GNSS dependent technologies. This technology can be a drop-in replacement for a simple upgrade, yielding superior performance in various applications. DOWNLOAD PDF

Home • Company • About About Safran Federal Systems, formerly Orolia Defense & Security, is proxy-regulated U.S. company, Free of Foreign Ownership, Control, or Influence (FOCI). As such, Safran Federal Systems is approved to work on the full spectrum of U.S. Government classified and unclassified projects and is positioned to support strategic partnerships in the development of key PNT technologies for the defense market. PROXY INFORMATION Safran is an international high-technology group, operating in the aviation (propulsion, equipment and interiors), defense and space markets. Its core purpose is to contribute to a safer, more sustainable world, where air transport is more environmentally friendly, comfortable and accessible. Safran has a global presence, with 83 000 employees, and holds, alone or in partnership, world or regional leadership positions in its core markets. Safran undertakes research and development programs to maintain the environmental priorities of its R&T and innovation roadmap. History In 2022, Safran acquired Orolia, now Safran Trusted 4D, the world leader in Resilient PNT. At the intersection of critical infrastructure and national defense, Safran Trusted 4D solutions govern and protect the integrity of systems that shape the world. In early 2019, Orolia Defense & Security spun off as a separate entity from its parent company Orolia, with the mission of providing resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) solutions and custom engineering services to U.S. Government agencies, U.S. Defense organizations, and their contractors. In August of 2019, Orolia Defense & Security acquired Talen-X, a U.S. company specializing in advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Simulation solutions and Interference, Detection, and Mitigation (IDM) technologies. Talen-X traces its roots to 2016 after 10 founding employees with career-long expertise in PNT and GNSS recognized significant gaps in the marketplace. Tired of tools and equipment that fell short of their needs, they began to create their own solutions. What started as a way to overcome limitations, was the catalyst for products that help engineers work faster and better.

Orolia Offers the First Software-Defined GNSS Simulator with MNSA, Successfully Delivers First Round of Shipments ROCHESTER, NY, September 29, 2020 Orolia Defense & Security has been granted security approval by SMC Production Corps. for BroadSim MNSA (Modernized Navstar Security Algorithm). BroadSim is the only software-defined GNSS simulator on the market to receive such approval, marking an industry first. Additionally, Orolia delivered their first batch of MNSA M-Code to multiple customers in late August. BroadSim MNSA joins P(Y)-Code and AES M-Code as another GPS encrypted signal that Orolia Defense & Security supports and is shipping today. MNSA M-Code is being rolled out as a required standard across many defense platforms. Engineers and system integrators must consider this in their testing cycles. Orolia has streamlined previously tedious processes and are available with expert support to guide them every step of the way. Tyler Hohman, Director of Products, commented, “Thought, skill, and patience went into developing this solution. Not only have we taken an innovative approach to ensuring the security of this technology, our implementation was designed with ease of use being top-of-mind – from procurement, to delivery, to installation, to testing – so our customers can spend more time supporting their mission and less time making their simulator work.” BroadSim is a proven and trusted solution among government, DoD and military customers with over 100 systems fielded. BroadSim was recently selected by the US military to support diverse testing of military GPS receivers. Compared to traditional FPGA-based simulators, software-defined solutions such as BroadSim, powered by the advanced Skydel Simulation Engine, are inherently more flexible, scalable and cost-effective. BroadSim MNSA users receive a step-by-step guide allowing them to effortlessly set-up and generate MNSA in minutes and quickly downgrade the system on a moment’s notice. This capability is available today as a software upgrade to current BroadSim users or as a purchase alongside Orolia’s BroadSim hardware platform. For more information, contact us at sales@OroliaDS.com . About Orolia Defense & Security Orolia Defense & Security provides Resilient PNT solutions to U.S. Government agencies, defense organizations, and their contractors. Orolia Defense & Security is authorized to work on U.S. Government classified and unclassified projects, in addition to supporting strategic partnerships for key defense PNT technologies. www.OroliaDS.com Orolia Defense & Security operates as a proxy-regulated company and wholly owned subsidiary of Orolia, the world leader in Resilient PNT solutions. www.Orolia.com Contact: Rachael Smith 585-250-1545 rachael.smith@OroliaDS.com VIEW PDF

Home • Products • Assured PNT • SecureSync M-Code SecureSync M-Code Mission Timing and Synchronization SecureSync M-Code PRODUCT | RESILIENT PNT Modularity Choice of more than 40 option cards Input/Output 10 MHz and 1 pps TTL pulse, RS232/RS485, IRIG AM /DCLS2 Reliability Dual (redundant), hot swappable power supply with AC, 12 VDC or 24/48 VDC power modules Monitoring Detailed event logs, real-time health and operation status, timing performance graphs, and alerts. ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About SecureSync® M-Code is an advanced mission timing and synchronization solution that offers exceptional reliability, security and flexibility to support Resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT). It combines Safran's precision time and frequency technology with an ultra-secure M-code GPS receiver. M-Code The latest generation of modernized security architecture, modernized anti-spoofing and anti-jamming for GPS-degraded environments, operations in mixed P(Y)-code and M-Code constellations, accelerated Direct-Y and Direct-M code acquisitions, and Over-The-Air-Rekeying (OTAR). SecureSync M-code provides better than 41 dB J/S while tracking and better than 54 dB J/S while providing cryptographic key retention without battery backup. Features – Military M-code and P(Y)-code receiver – Multi-GNSS synchronization – Alternative Navigation option – GPS jamming and spoofing detection option – Internal precision timekeeping – Configure a wide variety of input/ output signals – Exceptional operating temperature range – High bandwidth NTP – PTP v2 Master/Slave Mission-critical military applications will benefit from SecureSync M-Code’s extreme reliability, security, and flexibility. Option Module Cards Add only the features you need by selecting SecureSync® option cards. Up to six cards can be accommodated per unit. Order them as part of the original configuration, or add them to an installed unit to keep up the changing needs of your system. If you do not see a feature that you need, please contact us to discuss customizing a card. VIEW OPTION CARDS DATA SHEET Click to download the SecureSync M-Code data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET

U.S. Army’s Sentinel A4 Radar Program Receives Orolia M-Code Solution ROCHESTER, NY, July 27, 2021 DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited In September 2019, Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract to develop the U.S. Army’s Sentinel A4 system, an air and missile defense radar that will provide improved capability against dynamic threats. The following November, Orolia Defense & Security announced the availability of M-Code Military GPS receivers in its flagship SecureSync® – the first Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) approved time server. In May 2021, Orolia delivered a shipment of M-Code enabled SecureSync mission timing and synchronization units to Lockheed Martin, marking another key milestone for the Army program. SecureSync with M-Code provides enhanced resilient positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) capabilities and improved resistance to existing and emerging GPS threats, such as jamming and spoofing. Lockheed Martin selected Orolia’s SecureSync M-Code as the system’s resilient time and frequency reference solution in part due to its modular, open architecture – the same characteristics that are the cornerstone of the radar’s design – making integration a simple process and ensuring future upgrades. “As a trusted Lockheed Martin partner, Orolia is proud to support the development of the Sentinel A4, which will be a key asset to our warfighters for decades to come,” said Hironori Sasaki, President of Orolia Defense & Security. “Making M-Code available now in a readily configurable and scalable form factor is a critical step in advancing our forces out in the field, whether in the air or on the ground,” Sasaki added. The next-generation of US military systems are fortified with M-Code, and Orolia leads the industry in M-Code solutions for Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) environments. About Orolia Defense & Security Orolia Defense & Security provides Resilient PNT solutions and custom engineering services to U.S. Government agencies, defense organizations, and their contractors. Orolia Defense & Security is authorized to work on the full spectrum of U.S. Government classified and unclassified projects, in addition to supporting strategic partnerships for key defense PNT technologies. www.OroliaDS.com Orolia Defense & Security operates as a proxy-regulated company and wholly owned subsidiary of Orolia, the world leader in Resilient PNT solutions for military and commercial applications worldwide. www.Orolia.com Contact: Rachael Smith 614-736-3736 rachael.smith@oroliaDS.com VIEW PDF

Home • Products • GPS Jamming & Spoofing Detection • BroadShield BroadShield Patented GPS Jamming and Spoofing Detection Embedded in Your Device BroadShield PRODUCT | GPS JAMMING & SPOOFING Jamming Signals L1: 1575.42 MHz L2: 1227.6 MHz Spoofing GNSS Simulators, Anomalies in GPS Data, Data inconsistencies, Jumps in position and time ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About PNT systems are designed to provide accurate position and time while in uninterrupted or uncontested environments. However, while in these interrupted or contested environments, most PNT systems are unable to reliably provide position and time data because they are unable to recognized what is causing the disruption. BroadShield is a software library consisting of many patented algorithms designed to detect jamming and spoofing then immediately report the disruption to the PNT system. Leveraging this information enables the PNT system to take action to mitigate and protect from the jamming or spoofing. Attacks On The Rise An increased number of GPS jamming and spoofing attacks have been reported and documented in recent years. With high quality software-defined radios (SDRs) becoming more affordable, hardware capable of GPS jamming and spoofing are more available than ever. Open source projects have been found to turn these low cost SDRs into GPS jammers and spoofers. It is more critical now than ever to ensure the necessary precautions are taken to protect your PNT systems. Detect and Defend Have trust in your products PNT solutions knowing that Orolia’s BroadShield algorithms have been rigorously tested and field proven for over a decade. Our detection capabilities are regularly updated to conform to new and emerging threats. Our software works with many commercially available GPS receivers and runs on nearly any operating system. With the flexibility of converting our BroadShield algorithms into most major programming languages, no product is out of the question. We'll Work With You Integrate our software into your product without requiring additional hardware. What is needed for integration? A GPS receiver that can provide raw GPS NAV data to our software (our team will help to evaluate which receivers may be supported). A processing unit to run the BroadShield algorithms Integration support - work with our team to make it successful Safran SecureSync The Safran SecureSync takes full advantage of BroadShield algorithms, which are known for meeting the requirements for Critical Infrastructure published by the Unites States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Beyond complying with DHS best practices, SFS has further enhanced the BroadShield algorithms to go beyond simply detecting various threats, also providing SecureSync operators with detailed threat characteristics, real-time situational awareness, and recorded data for post-event forensic analysis. VIEW PRODUCT GPS Source Enhanced D3 With VCAM The VCAM integrates various non-GPS sensors to support a complete Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) assurance capability. Designed as an open system, it allows integration of other products that support non-GPS solutions for PNT including SFS's BroadShield software designed for threat detection and electronic surveillance / electronic protection. Cutting edge VCAM technology integrates all timing and positioning solutions into one entity, allowing for seamless change from one source of timing data to another. VIEW PRODUCT Click to download the BroadShield data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET

Rochester Democrat And Chronicle Names Orolia Defense & Security a Winner of the Rochester Metro Area Top Workplaces 2023 Award ROCHESTER, NY, March 26, 2023 Orolia Defense & Security has been awarded a Top Workplaces 2023 honor by Rochester Top Workplaces. Orolia was ranked #1 in the Small Business category and received a special award in the category of cultivating New Ideas across all sizes of businesses in Rochester. The list is based solely on employee feedback gathered through a third-party survey administered by employee engagement technology partner Energage LLC. The confidential survey uniquely measures 15 culture drivers that are critical to the success of any organization: including alignment, execution, and connection, just to name a few. “Earning a Top Workplaces award is a badge of honor for companies, especially because it comes authentically from their employees,” said Eric Rubino, Energage CEO. “That's something to be proud of. In today's market, leaders must ensure they’re allowing employees to have a voice and be heard. That's paramount. Top Workplaces do this, and it pays dividends.” “ We are incredibly proud to receive the Top Workplaces award and to be recognized as a company where our employees feel valued and supported,” said Hironori Sasaki, President of Orolia Defense and Security. “At our core, we believe that happy and fulfilled employees are a foundation of our success. When our employees feel empowered to bring their unique perspectives to the table, great things can happen. We are grateful to our employees for their dedication and hard work, and we will continue to foster a culture of innovation and excellence in all aspects of our business.” About Orolia Defense & Security Your Resilient PNT Mission Partner, from the Lab to the Field. ™ Orolia Defense & Security provides resilient positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) solutions and custom engineering services to U.S. Government agencies, U.S. defense organizations, and their contractors. Orolia is approved to work on the full spectrum of U.S. Government classified and unclassified projects and is positioned to support strategic partnerships in the development of key PNT technologies for the defense market. Orolia Defense and Security has become a Safran Electronics and Defense company. Company Contact: Orolia Defense & Security rachael.smith@oroliads.com (585) 250-1545 Awards About Energage Making the world a better place to work together. ™ Energage is a purpose-driven company that helps organizations turn employee feedback into useful business intelligence and credible employer recognition through Top Workplaces. Built on 16 years of culture research and the results from 27 million employees surveyed across more than 70,000 organizations, Energage delivers the most accurate competitive benchmark available. With access to a unique combination of patented analytic tools and expert guidance, Energage customers lead the competition with an engaged workforce and an opportunity to gain recognition for their people-first approach to culture. For more information or to nominate your organization, visit energage.com or topworkplaces.com . VIEW PDF

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Support Support How can we help you? Whether you are looking to learn more about a product, or are experiencing an issue, our experts have you covered. PNT LIBRARY Find white papers, application notes, tech briefs, and more. Take Me There SOFTWARE RELEASES Access our user portal for the latest documentation and upgrades. Take Me There PRODUCT TUTORIALS Learn the basics to advanced features with our product tutorials and demos Take Me There BROADSIM ONBOARDING New to BroadSim? Become a pro in no time with our onboarding series. Take Me There WARRANTY INFO See about coverage, exceptions, and exclusions for your product. Take Me There USER COMMUNITY Looking for more answers? Join Safran's online forum. Take Me There Submit a Support Ticket A member of our support team will reach out within 24 hours to assist you. Submit a Suppot Ticket

Home • Products • GPS Jamming & Spoofing Detection • BroadSense BroadSense GPS Jamming and Spoofing Detection Sensor BroadSense PRODUCT | GPS JAMMING & SPOOFING DETECTION Frequencies GPS L1, GPS L2 Antenna Integrated or External Screen Real-time visual data Outputs J/S measurements, Custom NMEA message via USB or UART ANY QUESTIONS? GET QUOTE About BroadSense is a GPS jamming and spoofing detection sensor designed to provide real-time and historical situational awareness data. Utilizing sophisticated GNSS receivers and patented jamming and spoofing detection algorithms, BroadSense can detect when the GPS signal or GPS spectrum is compromised. Applications – UAV Platforms – Dismounted Warfighters – Cell Towers ​ – GPS degraded or denied environments Features – Advanced RF front end (AGC, LNA, etc.) – No RF calibrations required – Low Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) BroadSense detects interference, data anomalies and inconsistencies, GPS simulators, jumps in position and time, and everything in between Algorithms rigorously tested and field-proven for over a decade Regularly updated to conform to new and emerging threats Extremely easy to integrate and operate Protect Proactively An increased number of GPS jamming and spoofing attacks have been reported and documented in recent years. High-quality software-defined radios (SDRs) capable of GPS jamming and spoofing are more affordable than ever. Open-source projects have turned these low-cost SDRs into GPS jammers and spoofers. Without the ability to detect jamming or spoofing, PNT systems can be unreliable due to reporting errors from the GPS receiver. It is more critical now than ever to ensure the necessary precautions are taken to protect these systems. RESOURCES Early Prototype Demo Button Watch BroadSense Nano in action demonstrated using BroadSim to generate interference signals. Click to download the BroadSense data sheet. VIEW DATA SHEET

Home • Products • Inertial Navigation Systems Inertial Navigation Systems Safran Federal Systems is now one of the only companies with a full complement of PNT technologies with the addition of proven inertial navigation solutions. Hemispherical Resonator Gyro (HRG) Crystal™ technology leverages state-of-the-art manufacturing and offers revolutionary performance and reliability over existing technologies, for tactical to strategic applications across all domains. With more than 30,000 HRGs produced and over 15 million operational hours, the technology is proven and tested in military applications worldwide. Land Precision north finding and navigation solutions across land mobile platforms in GNSS denied environments. VIEW DATASHEET VIEW PRODUCTS Naval Navigation integrity with up to 360hrs of operation (1nM drift). VIEW DATASHEET VIEW PRODUCTS Air GNSS denied dominance with DALA certified products for safe, reliable navigation. VIEW DATASHEET VIEW PRODUCTS Space Low cost, ultra-compact navigation system for space launchers VIEW DATASHEET VIEW PRODUCTS IMU Range of IMU solutions meeting your cost and performance needs. VIEW DATASHEET VIEW PRODUCTS Use Cases for Inertial Navigation Systems Visit our PNT Library to learn more about how our INS systems can support the warfighter. VIEW WEBPAGE Land Vehicle Navigation in GNSS-Denied Environments for Defense Applications Equipment Pointing & Radar Directional Capabilities For Defense Applications Surface Vessel Navigation For Defense Applications Land Vehicle Navigation in GNSS-Denied Environments for Defense Applications 1/3

Multi-GNSS: Advantages, Challenges, Test Solutions DOWNLOAD PDF By Tyler Hohman DOWNLOAD PDF